by hkum

Tokyo University Linguistic Papers Vol. 21 : Abstracts

UWANO Zendô, "Tonogenesis in Japanese"

There are three types of tonogenesis (more properly, 'accentogenesis') in Japanese. A new accent opposition may emerge due to:

  1. the fusion of segments;
  2. the influence of the phonetic properties of segments; or
  3. the fusion of morphemes.

The first case occurs when the first and second morae fuse together, followed by vowel shortening. The second is the case where the phonetic nature of the initial consonants is relevant, such as voicing and glottalization. The two cases are exemplified by the Sani dialect of Amami-Ooshima. The third type involves morpheme fusion. This is found in the durative forms in many dialects of Kikai-jima island and also in the Kuroshima-Oosato dialect.

JIN Namtaek, "A Diachronic Study on Sound Changes in Japanese Consonants --- in the Analysis of Korean Source-Materials ---"

This study aims to clarify the process of sound changes of Japanese consonants with the analysis of the transcriptions of Korean source-materials (i.e. textbooks of the Japanese language for Koreans and the records of travel in Japan by Koreans) written in the 15-18th centuries using the Korean writing system. The results are as follows:

  1. In the 15th century all the daku-ons (voiced) /g d z b/ were nasalized.
  2. /z/ and /b/ were denasalized during the 16th century.
  3. /d/ was denasalized during the 17th century.
  4. In the 15-18th centuries the phonetic property of the sei-on (voiceless) /k t s/ was different from that of the present-day Tokyo dialect.
  5. In the 15th century the opposition of sei-daku was basically that of nasality.
  6. During the 16-17th centuries, the voiceless bilabial fricative of /h/ changed to [h].
  7. In the 17th century the opposition between <zi zu> and <di du> was that of nasality.

LEE Yeunjoo, "Phonological Interpretation of the Accent in the Taegu Dialect of Korean"

A new phonological interpretation is presented on the accentual system of the Taegu dialect (Korean). All the accent patterns can be predicted by indicating whether there is an accent kernel and, if so, the posisiton thereof. There are N + 1 oppositions for N-syllable nouns. The accent rules and constraints concerning the nominal inflection and derivation, such as compound formation and derivation, are explained. A possibility to predict the accent pattern of a given syllable corresponding to a Chinese character by means of the above rules is discussed.

KAWASUZAKI Hideyuki, "The Verbal Accentuation of Korean Spoken in China"

The accent patterns of the (simple) verbs, derivative verbs and compound verbs in Korean in Jilin, China, are described. Verbs with monosyllabic stems can be classified into five classes according to the accent alternation when an ending is attached. Disyllabic verbs can be classified into three (HL, LH, LL) patterns, and trisyllabic verbs into four (HLL, LHL, LLH, LLL) patterns. In derivative verbs, patterns such as LHH and HLH are observed, which seem to consist of two accent units. The accent patterns of 'noun + verb' compounds are predictable from the accent of each word, and in many cases they appear with two accent units. The accent patterns of 'verb + verb' compounds are predictable from that of the first verb, and they can also appear with two accent units.

ASIMURA Takasi, "On the Suffix "le:" in the Jarud Dialect of Mongolian"

This is a descriptive study on the suffix "le:" in the Jarud dialect of Mongolian. The suffix "le:" is used as a case affix, a past tense suffix, and a converb suffix. They all have in common a meaning related to "time", so they seem to form a single morpheme. In this paper, however, based on the fact that the converb has two origins, it is shown that they are now two different suffixes.

SUGUMOTO Hirokazu, "Old English Verbs with the Double Accusative in West-Saxon Prose Texts"

This paper focuses on the following three Old English verbs with the double accusative: (ge-)læran 'to teach', (a-/ge-)biddan 'to ask for, pray for' and (ge-)ascian 'to inquire', which have been referred to in the literature as representatives of the verbs that may take such an object pattern.

However, a close examination of the examples of these three verbs in major West-Saxon prose texts reveals the fact that there are only a small number of cases which can be interpreted to take the double accusative in comparison with the number of all the examples of these verbs that are found in each text.

Moreover, after scrutinizing individual cases of the double accusative (+acc.+acc.) together with those of other ditransitive patterns (e.g., +dat.+acc., +acc.+gen.), we can point out some traits which are considered characteristic of the former cases.

YOSHIDA Hiromi, "The Synthetic Verb Forms in the Azpeitia Dialect of Basque"

In this paper I deal with the Azpeitia dialect of Basque. I try to describe the usage and meaning of the synthetic verb-forms.

WAKASA Motomichi, "A Note on the -ett- Derivative in Wolaytta"

This paper describes the uses of the -ett- derivative of the Wolaytta language, which is spoken in Ethiopia and belongs to the Omotic family of the Afro-Asiatic language phylum. This derivative expresses passive, reciprocal, and various other meanings. As for the semantic range of the use of this derivative, the following two tendencies can be observed in some cases: (a) The referent of the subject is an affected participant. (b) The cause of the affectedness on this participant is an action which does not originate in the participant himself.

UWANO Zendô, "A Report on the Accentual Surveys of Verbs and Adjectives in the Mishima Dialect"

This is the first report on the accentual surveys of verbs and adjectives in the Mishima dialect, Hagi city, Yamaguchi prefecture. A list of about 1,500 words is presented with the accents of basic forms and past tense forms, respectively.

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